June 30, 2004
Sounds vaguely familiar
This is from a recent John Kerry white paper:
Kerry's getting in front of this parade and waving the flag as if he's the leader. But it's better than the silence of the current
The Kerry plan will complete the transition to digital television, and accelerate the return of valuable spectrum that is currently being used for broadcasting the “analog” television signal, while ensuring that Americans continue to enjoy free, over-the-air television, including subsidies to ensure all Americans can make the transition. The plan will also provide shared access to unassigned TV channels where this will not interfere with television reception.
Posted by David Isenberg at 12:11 PM | Comments (2)
June 28, 2004
FCC rules that landlords can't control uses of unlicensed spectrum
From Computer Weekly:
Airlines won a key battle in their fight with airports over control of the Wi-Fi spectrum when the US Federal Communications Commission ruled that it has 'exclusive jurisdiction' over the use of unlicensed spectrum.Airports such as Logan International in Boston, which is run by the Massachusetts Port Authority, contended they had the right to manage spectrum within their boundaries to eliminate interference.
Massport and Denver International Airport have installed shared-use Wi-Fi networks offering paid public internet access, as well as access for the airlines.
But the airport operators wanted to require the airlines to pay to use the networks for wireless bag scans, check-in systems and other applications.
Good news for the continued buildout of user-capitalized networks...
Posted by Clay Shirky at 10:27 PM | Comments (1)
June 25, 2004
Innovative Wireless Architectures
In the near-term, say the next three years, I think wireless network architectures will yield some of the biggest technological surprises. Absence of license will unleash constraints on licentious innovation.
For example, Dewayne Hendricks just got back from Europe raving about this little open-source device called MeshCube, a 5cm x 5cm x 7cm computer with lotsa gosintas and gosoutas, both wired and (802.11) wireless, designed for roll-your-own multiple-access-point networks, for sale for 200 Euros as a kit or 240 Euros assembeled. Dewayne has some reservations about the device, but not about the community that has self-organized around it. Dewayne writes that not only does this community have momentum to build "viable wireless user provided telecommunications infrastructure, and deal with any problems that they encountered along the way."
The 2.4 GHz learning experience -- each one teach one -- will not be lost when <1GHz unlicensed wireless arrives. But the main action is in new network architectures, not spectrum.
Posted by David Isenberg at 10:41 AM | Comments (5)
June 21, 2004
Coming Changes in Broadcast Industry
The unspoken secret, the elephant in the room, of WirelessUnleashed is that broadcast as we know it is circling the drain. In my humble opinion. And more capable, more powerful Internet access will amplify that sucking sound.
Doc Searls and Jeff Jarvis have been having a visionary dialog (blogalog?) about how post-broadcast TV and radio look.
Doc says that radio & tv stations should
send out RSS notifications with every single program they put on. Hell, every advertisement too. Might even create some demand for appropriate messages. RSS can be really, really huge for the industry. It might make the damn industry not only interactive, but accountable. Meaning, for example, you can count, and account for, your listeners. If you're an NPR station, maybe you can get the listeners to buy the "content" that only 10% are paying for right now.
Doc has more to say here, and Jarvis takes it to the next level here.
Posted by David Isenberg at 11:17 AM | Comments (1)
June 18, 2004
Killer apps with zero revenues
I agree completely with Clay Shirky (in the "Voice as the app killer" posting) that voice revenues
are going to decline drastically. Voice is the killer app, but that does not imply it is going to continue
generating bountiful revenues for long. It will become just another application riding on top of a
broadband connection (wireless or wireline, mostly wireless).
There will nothing unusual about this evolution. Just think about email, which is still the "killer app"
of the Internet. It comes for free with your Internet account, paid for by your subscription fee, and Yahoo and now also Google are eager to offer it to you totally for free. But nobody dares neglect
email, and attempts are made constantly to enhance it. And that is the main lesson for voice.
Service providers should not neglect opportunities to do more with it, for example by offering
higher quality voice and other associated services.
Posted by Andrew Odlyzko at 09:11 PM
Mobile Services on Super-Hotspots
OK, so maybe this insight won't win any no-Bell prizes, but here goes:
Not only would wireless services on unlicensed TV spectrum break the telco/cableco duopoly and cause prices for them to fall another notch, but they would host a new generation of mobile, or at least untethered, services, to be discovered.
And what do you call a hotspot that has a radius of a mile? With a tip of the hat to the coiner of the term "super-commons" and the instigator of "SuperNova," I suggest that "Super-Hotspot" works for me.
Posted by David Isenberg at 04:13 PM | Comments (4)
June 16, 2004
Voice as the app killer
I should have my head examined for writing about the economics of voice on a blog I share with Odlyzko (The history of communications and its implicatoins for the internet is one of the best things ever written on internet economics), but I can't resist following up to when Andrew says "In the U.S., at least 70 percent of telecommunications revenues come from voice services (including cellular)" and "Voice is and will continue to be important not just because it is the traditional telecom cash cow."
I think this overestimates the connection between the value of voice and voice revenues. Voice is clearly valuable, and that value is, as Andrew notes, much higher than netheads often understand. However, we are now at a point where that value actually threatens voice revenues. Voice has so much value, in fact, that people are putting it in products that have little or no relationship to the traditional phone, leading to potentially enormous displacement.
Continue reading "Voice as the app killer"Posted by Clay Shirky at 11:52 AM | Comments (0)
June 09, 2004
Short Summary of TV Spectrum Situation
This one-page document from the NTIA is excellent in its brevity and completeness.
Posted by David Isenberg at 09:02 AM | Comments (1)
The State of the Debate
I just got back from the Aspen Institute's inaugural roundtable on spectrum policy. Aspen brings together heavy-hitters from industry, government, Wall Street, and academia to hash out important policy issues. For the first time, spectrum was broken out separately from Aspen's broader communications policy program, recognizing its importance.
The comparison with the Aspen workshop I participated in two years ago was striking.
Continue reading "The State of the Debate"Posted by Kevin Werbach at 07:15 AM | Comments (1)
June 08, 2004
New America on the Transition to DTV
Mail from the New America Foundation's Spectrum Policy group:
This Wednesday, June 9th, the Senate Commerce Committee will convene a 9:30 AM hearing on "Completing the Digital Television Transition," (http://commerce.senate.gov/). The Committee will hear testimony from spectrum policy experts, including the New America Foundation's Michael Calabrese, who will present a plan using targeted, consumer subsidies to rapidly complete the DTV transition, while also generating tens of billions of dollars against the deficit with the swift return of analog broadcast spectrum.
[...]
Building on the success of the nine-month Berlin, Germany DTV transition, the Issue Brief details how progressive consumer subsidies can quickly move the remaining 15% of U.S. households that only receive "over-the-air" broadcast TV to purchase inexpensive, set-top converter boxes to enable them to receive digital signals. By tapping less than 2% of the expected revenues from the auction of analog broadcast spectrum to pay for the subsidy, the politically tricky DTV endgame can be accomplished by the end of 2007, freeing up valuable spectrum for wireless broadband services and establishing a much-needed trust fund for the future of public television.
The proposal document is here (PDF).
Posted by Clay Shirky at 05:24 PM
The Philosopher's Stone of Spectrum
The battle over increasing unlicensed wireless spectrum is obviously more than just another FCC regulation. Most issues the FCC deals with, even contentious ones like limits on ownership, are changes within regulatory schemes. The proposal to move the maximum percentage of a market a media company could own from 35% to 45% took the idea of the ownership cap itself at face value, and involved a simple change of amount.
Unlicensed spectrum is different. In addition to all the regulatory complexities, there is an enormous philosophical change being proposed here. Because of advances in wireless technology, what spectrum is, at least in a regulatory setting, has been transformed, and the FCC is being asked to ratify that transformation.
Continue reading "The Philosopher's Stone of Spectrum"Posted by Clay Shirky at 03:45 PM | Comments (3)
More Spectrum, But For What?
There is a crying need for reallocating spectrum from broadcast to two-way communication, and in general introducing a more rational and economically efficient spectrum management scheme. But how will this newly freed-up spectrum be used? We hear about all the innovative new services that will be created. But the main use of the additional spectrum will be--voice! (For quite a few years, anyway.)
Continue reading "More Spectrum, But For What?"Posted by Andrew Odlyzko at 10:20 AM | Comments (1)
Abolish the FCC -- but for a different reason
Declan McCullagh's recent diatribe, "Abolish the FCC" is kind of right, but for some seriously wrong reasons. Declan observes correctly that the FCC has been fumbling the UNE-P issue, bumbling around the edges of censorship with Stern punishment, and crumbling computer functionality with broadcast flags. As Declan points out, the FCC is crimping the Constitution, cheating on its charter, overreaching it orders. But he misses the fact that all of these briar patches are application-layer issues. And in his resulting confusion, he erroneously looks to the physical layer -- the regulation of spectrum -- to "solve" app-layer problems.
Further, Declan discredits himself by choosing a real estate metaphor for spectrum, suggesting that a 6 megahertz TV channel could be handled, literally, just like a piece of real estate. So, he extends,
What if disputes over spectrum arose? The answer is simple. Whoever owned the rights to that slice of virtual real estate would locate the illicit broadcaster, march into the local courthouse and get a restraining order to pull the plug on the transmitter. Trespass is hardly a new idea, and courts are well-equipped to deal with it.Simple? Too simple. Trespass and interference are not equivalent "crimes." Trespass is a deliberate act. But interference is not -- it is a characteristic of a receiver. If an ultra-high-tech receiver in Chicago receives a channel from St. Louis, the St. Louis station owner is not trespassing on the property of the Chicago station owner. There are just too many important cases where the real estate metaphor does not apply.
Also, the real estate metaphor is too limiting. It was a better fit in 1934 when the prevailing technology could provide selectivity only by frequency. But now we have listen-before-transmit, steerable directional antennas, dynamic power adjustment, frequency agility, multiple modulation techniques, addressable packets and packet relay. It is short-sighted, downright wrong, to stuff all of these -- and future improvements -- into a real-estate model.
Sure, the FCC is a bureaucratic agency that is executing poorly on its overly-diverse and expanding mission. But if it is to be abolished, it should be abolished precisely because spectrum is NOT property. When modern techniques like dynamic power adjustment and packet relay are used, spectrum can have properties of a commons -- a super-commons where there is no tragedy because there's enough for everybody. If there's enough for everybody, the need to regulate who gets what diminishes and eventually disappears.
The question remains whether the low-level technology is operating properly. So there's still a need for a Federal Device Commission. Because the Internet architecture creates a clean separation between the physical medium and the application by interposing Internet Protocol between them, the Federal Device Commission would have a much simpler task. It would regulate simply to provide unabridged freedom of speech and the press simply by regulating the well-specified physical-layer properties of devices.
Posted by David Isenberg at 09:21 AM | Comments (3)
How Low Can You Go?
Why does it matter that wireless capacity be freed up at low frequencies? And what is low, anyway?
A rough definition of "low-frequency" is below one gigahertz (1 GHz). That's where broadcast services operate today, taking up most of the allocated frequencies. There's a reason why these bands are referred to as the "beachfront property" of spectrum -- it's the easiest and cheapest place to build systems designed to reach large numbers of people.
Continue reading "How Low Can You Go?"Posted by Kevin Werbach at 07:03 AM | Comments (5)
June 05, 2004
Cartoon Guide to Spectrum Policy (no, really)
The New America Foundation, publishers of Kevin's terrific Radio Revolution paper as well as a graphics-heavy presentation of a Citizen's Guide to the Airvaves, has now published a Cartoon Guide to Spectrum Policy, which describes the current limitations of spectrum policy in citizen-friendly terms.
It's a tool for getting your non-techie friends to understand both what's wrong with the way we allocate spectrum today and what's at stake for the future.
Posted by Clay Shirky at 09:50 PM | Comments (1)
June 04, 2004
Some useful FCC comments
I've been looking at some of the comments filed in response to the 2002 NOI on using vacant TV channels for unlicensed Internet access.
Attention FCC! Your comment system needs an editor! It is not a flat space. The chairman of the audio committee of Podunk Baptist Church has a right to be worried about whether the wireless microphones that send sounds of worship to the back pews will work when besieged by hoardes of heathen Internet devices. But this is quite different than when Intel presents data to counteract specific NAB (National Association of Broadcasters) claims about interference, or when the IEEE Radio Regulatory Technical Advisory Group weighs in.
The FCC should hear from the public, and the FCC should weigh public opinion in making decisions, but there's got to be a better way than treating everybody's comments "equally" like they do here.
Posted by David Isenberg at 02:44 PM | Comments (3)
Powell: Let's break the broadband duopoly
Yesterday, FCC Chairman Michael Powell told the Wireless Communications Association:
Magical things happen in competitive markets when there are at least three viable, facilities-based competitors. And we are looking to wireless to help deliver that Triple Crown.
Powell's remarks centered on liberalizing regulation in a licensed 2.5 GHz band (the MDS-ITFS services), but this will occur in parallel with the vacant TV channel initiative, broadband over power line, and several other FCC initiatives. Powell's FCC is determined to do for broadband what PCS did for mobile telephony.
Posted by David Isenberg at 08:21 AM | Comments (1)
June 03, 2004
WiMAX Forum Joins the Fray
The WiMAX Forum has established a working group on global regulatory issues. The aim is to "ensure availability and global harmonization of 'WiMAX friendly' spectrum worldwide." The press release (PDF) is here.
Continue reading "WiMAX Forum Joins the Fray"Posted by Kevin Werbach at 10:54 AM
The New Communications Ecosystem
The movement to free up wireless capacity for innovative uses is part of a larger shift in the communications world. Services and business models are changing, but so are the players. The neat separation between "technology" and "telecom" companies is breaking down.
Continue reading "The New Communications Ecosystem"Posted by Kevin Werbach at 09:24 AM
June 02, 2004
Good for the Broadcasters Too
Why do incumbent broadcasters oppose unlicensed allocation of low-frequency spectrum? They could be some of the biggest beneficiaries.
Continue reading "Good for the Broadcasters Too"Posted by Kevin Werbach at 10:38 PM | Comments (4)
More unlicensed spectrum: What's not to like?
I'm ploughing through the original Notice of Inquiry, December 2002.
FCC Commissioner Kevin Martin's comments are downright discouraging. He says he's in favor of freeing up some new spectrum, but not THIS spectrum.
He's afraid that the new uses for TV spectrum might slow the transition to Digital TV. He writes:
I fear that these unlicensed devices will create additional interference problems when digital television gets underway. Interference already threatens to impede the introduction of digital television. Although digital television stations have begun operating only in the last twelve months, we have received several reports of interference problems. For example, we are currently adjudicating a claim that a digital station in Norfolk, Virginia (WHRO-DT) is causing interference to an analog station in Salisbury, Maryland (WBOC-TV).
Then Commissioner Martin questions the benefits of the proposal. Then he questions the timing.
Martin's comment on the NPRM, May 2004, is short and tepid too, even though the NPRM goes a long way towards addressing his concerns with the earlier NOI.
Note that in neither case does Martin suggest where alternative spectrum might be found.
I suspect that his bottom line is that TV trumps Internet. He must not be watching much TV lately. Or using the Internet enough.
Posted by David Isenberg at 02:52 PM | Comments (3)
The Economics of Connectivity
One of the key differences between traditional wireless networks and unlicensed systems such as WiFi is the way they distribute costs. It's not just a question of cheaper or more expensive. Who pays, for what, and at what point can determine adoption patterns more than the aggregate level of spending.
Continue reading "The Economics of Connectivity"Posted by Kevin Werbach at 02:09 PM | Comments (3)
Anybody know when the last TV station came on line?
How fast is the FCC licensing new TV transmitters? Anybody know this history? Betcha not many, and long ago.
Pointers to sources appreciated!
Posted by David Isenberg at 01:39 PM | Comments (4)
Hacking fcc.gov
I wanted to read the Notice of Inquiry on using vacant TV channels for unlicensed Internet access -- the one that led to the current Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM). I finally found it here as a Word document and here as a PDF, and you don't want to see the ugly, ugly .txt version!
Man, what a pain in the spectrum. How was I supposed to know that 02-380 was the Docket/RM (note, no spaces) number, not the FCC / DA (note, must use spaces) number? I am not even going to talk about which of the several search pages to use.
An hour later and I am ready to sit down and read it. Grrrr.
(OTOH, I s'pose it beats the way it used to be, when I woulda hada get on the train to Wash DC to go read it.)
Posted by David Isenberg at 10:24 AM | Comments (5)
June 01, 2004
The FCC takes a step forward
On May 13, the FCC adopted a notice of proposed rulemaking to allow unlicensed wireless devices to operate in the broadcast television bands. Much of the spectrum allocated to broadcasting is simply empty. The allocations were based on 1950's TV technology, and included significant amount of "white space" that was deliberately left dark to ensure transmissions could be received on other channels. Today's technology can unlock that un-used capacity.
Continue reading "The FCC takes a step forward"Posted by Kevin Werbach at 02:23 PM | Comments (1)
Welcome to WirelessUnleashed
We are pleased to welcome you to this new group weblog on important issues of wireless policy.
Current wireless regulation actually prevents communication from taking place. Even in prime low-frequency spectrum, vast amounts of capacity lies idle due to old rules and old thinking. With the support of Microsoft, we have come together to advocate freeing up this un-used capacity. Over the next few weeks, this site will serve as a sounding board for ideas and discussion.
Spectrum policy may sound like an obscure, technical topic. However, it governs wireless technologies with huge impacts on our lives: television, mobile phones, WiFi, GPS, and radio, to name a few. Opening up wireless capacity could improve broadband connections to the home, spark deployment of peer-to-peer or location-based wireless applications, and more. In the developing world, unlicensed wireless devices could create economic opportunity by bootstrapping network connectivity. The potential benefits are enormous, and the consequences for business and social interaction are significant.
We welcome your comments!
-- Kevin Werbach, David Isenberg, Andrew Odlyzko, Clay Shirky
Posted by Kevin Werbach at 02:22 PM | Comments (2)